Introduction: In anthropology, the functional analysis of cultural practices is considered a foundational approach to understanding social order, systems of meaning, and cultural continuity within human societies. Within this framework, handicrafts are not merely material artifacts, but are viewed as reflections of underlying systems of values, identity, and social organization. Investigating the functions of handicrafts among nomadic and tribal communities, particularly through an anthropological lens, offers more profound insights into the mechanisms of identity preservation, tradition transmission, and cultural cohesion.

Purpose of the research: This study aims to conduct a multilayered anthropological analysis of Qashqai handicrafts based on Bronisław Malinowski’s functionalist theory, in order to comprehensively explain their role in representing social institutions, communal needs, identity, traditions, and the broader cultural system of this community.

Methodology: This qualitative research was conducted using a phenomenological method within the interpretivist paradigm. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 45 participants from the Qashqai community, direct observation, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using a three-stage coding process (open, axial, and selective) based on grounded theory methodology, and analysis continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.

Geographical area of research: The geographical scope of this study is Fars Province, one of the main habitats of the Qashqai nomadic community.

Results and Discussion: The findings of this study indicate that the functions of Qashqai handicrafts can be examined across five primary domains: production, consumption, economy, ritual practices, and symbolic functions. Each of these domains contributes in distinct ways to fulfilling the biological, cultural, and psychological (identity-related) needs of the Qashqai community, thereby supporting the preservation and continuity of its social and cultural structures.

Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that handicrafts in the Qashqai community transcend mere artistic productions and play a fundamental, multidimensional role in addressing the essential needs of the society. These roles encompass cultural reproduction, strengthening social cohesion, enhancing intergenerational participation, and cultural diplomacy. Both in the production process and consumption phase, handicrafts provide vital mechanisms for preserving identity, sustaining traditions, and fostering cultural regeneration within the tribal social structure.