https://www.jsnap.ir/ Nomadic Territory Planning Studies en daily 1 Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.jsnap.ir/article_237998.html Introduction: Since its inception, the village and the rural economy have been closely related to agriculture and its sub-sectors, especially agriculture and horticulture. To the extent that this closeness can be seen in the definitions of the village. The formation of such an economic structure has many characteristics, and the most important of them is the lack of diversity in job fields and the limitation of income sources to agriculture and its sub-sectors. Rural development is one of the serious concerns in developing countries. The expansion of cities and the rapid growth of the so-called urban population on the one hand and the instability of agricultural activities on the other hand, not only widens the distance between cities and villages, but also confiscates various resources (natural, human) for the benefit of the other. What fuels this process is the conventional approach of entrepreneurship and the dictating and centralized attitude from top to bottom, which without paying attention to the basic role of the beneficiary people and their participation in determining the direction of development needs and plans, until now It has not been able to arbitrarily achieve the predetermined goals of construction and rural development (and of course urban as well).   Objectives: In this research, this issue has been investigated and rural economic development strategies have been presented with an emphasis on diversifying the activities in the villages of Masal city. Methodology: In order to obtain the required information, survey and documentary methods were used. The obtained data were analyzed using the SWOT model. The statistical population of the research is also 68 villagers and experts of economic institutions in the rural areas of Masal city, and the sample size was determined using the Cochran formula. Geographical Context: The study scope of this research is the rural areas of Masal city located in Gilan province. Results and Discussion: The findings of the research showed that among the strengths of the index (the presence of many fields to attract tourism) with an average rank of 20.09, it has the most importance, among the 32 weaknesses of the index (the fragmentation of agricultural lands) with a rank of The average is 25.91, the most important, among the 12 points of opportunity presented in the index (the presence of environmental capacities and potential talents for the development of rural and nomadic communities) with the average rank of 8.51, the most important and among the 12 points of threat presented in the index (weakness of financial resources executive technical management and manpower in villages, especially in medium and small days) with an average rating of 10.37, has the most importance. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that if the managers and those involved in the development of rural economy in Masal want to start a movement towards the development of the diversity of economic activities in the rural areas of this city, the implementation of the strategies of the WO group or change strategies direction (or conservative), should be prioritized. https://www.jsnap.ir/article_238585.html Introduction: In recent tourism literature, significant attention has been given to the role of local communities in all dimensions of sustainable development. Community participation in tourism is considered a major challenge for achieving sustainable tourism. Accordingly, public participation is the cornerstone of sustainable tourism planning. Encouraging community involvement and identifying ways to strengthen participation are vital to the growth of the tourism industry. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and indicators of community participation in tourism development within the nomadic territories of Quchan County. Methodology: This research is applied–fundamental in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature, employing a qualitative approach. Data were analyzed using Grounded Theory and the Delphi method, following the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. The statistical population included tourism experts and local and regional managers. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation through purposive, non-probability selection, resulting in 30 in-depth interviews lasting 60 to 90 minutes, which were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Geographical Context: This research has been investigated in the territory of the nomads of Quchan County. Results and Discussion: Results indicate that community participation in tourism development in Quchan’s nomadic areas has a multidimensional structure encompassing economic, socio-cultural, physical–environmental, planning–decision-making, and informational–promotional dimensions. Each dimension represents an active form of local engagement sustaining the tourism system. The findings highlight the community’s economic and cultural roles through ecotourism, handicrafts, and reviving traditional customs, alongside participatory planning and digital promotion that enhance ownership, trust, and destination promotion. Environmental participation, through ecological responsibility and nature protection, further reflects their commitment to sustainable practices. Conclusion: Overall, the study reveals that sustainable and effective tourism development in Quchan’s nomadic territories depends on the coordinated and synergistic strengthening of these five dimensions. Genuine community participation elevates residents from mere executors to designers, decision-makers, and cultural ambassadors, driving development as a self-driven process rooted in local identity. https://www.jsnap.ir/article_237098.html Introduction: The nomadic community, as one of the most significant human societies, possesses diverse economic potentials. Considering their current economic conditions in the era of technological expansion, focusing on their business development is essential and should be prioritized.Objectives: The main aim of this study is to identify and analyze the challenges and opportunities for business development in Iran’s nomadic territories.Methodology: This descriptive-analytical study employed a mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). The study population consisted of experts in the nomadic sector, with 14 participants in interviews and 73 in the survey using convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis for qualitative data and statistical tests for quantitative data.Geographical Context: The study focused on the nomadic ecosystems of Iran, as the research addresses the topic at a macro level.Results and Discussion: The qualitative results indicated seven main challenges in business development within nomadic territories, including infrastructural and spatial, economic and financial, educational, and institutional-governance challenges. Additionally, eight opportunities were identified, such as sustainable use of natural resources, strengthening nomadic culture and identity, developing experience- and eco-based tourism, and new market and trade opportunities. The importance of these challenges and opportunities at the sub-theme level, assessed via the Friedman test, showed that the absence of professional training centers in nomadic areas (mean = 18.34) and the role of local councils and elders (mean = 15.82) were the most significant challenge and opportunity, respectively, for business development.Conclusion: Business development in Iran’s nomadic territories faces infrastructural and educational challenges; however, local participation and natural resources serve as significant enabling opportunities. https://www.jsnap.ir/article_241702.html Introduction: Marine and coastal tourism is recognized as a key driver of economic development in coastal areas. However, its impacts on the livelihood structures of traditional communities, such as nomadic groups whose territories lie adjacent to these shores, have not been fully examined. Focusing on Chabahar County, this study aims to analyze the role of such tourism in enhancing the economic sustainability of nomadic territories.Objectives: The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of marine and coastal tourism on the economic sustainability of nomadic territories in Chabahar County.Methodology: This applied research was conducted using a descriptive–analytical and quantitative approach. The statistical population comprised the residents of Chabahar County (236,200 people), from whom 384 individuals were selected through simple random sampling based on Cochran’s formula. Data were collected via a researcher-designed questionnaire (including 8 indicators and 36 items), whose validity and reliability had been confirmed. After verifying the normality of the data, Pearson correlation, one-sample t-test, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied using SPSS and Lisrel software for analysis.Geographical Context: This research has been investigated in the territory of the nomads of Chabahar County.Results and Discussion: The Pearson correlation test results indicated a positive and significant relationship between maritime-coastal tourism and all eight economic components. The strongest correlations were observed in product and sales diversification and labor market transformation. The one-sample t-test results indicated that the mean scores of all investigated indicators were significantly above the average level (value 3). For example, components such as increased income for fishermen, creation of seasonal jobs, and financial self-reliance recorded the highest means. Finally, CFA results confirmed the good fit of the model and ranked the components, identifying economic activity diversification (factor loading = 0.83) as the most influential, followed by income (0.82) and product and sales diversification (0.80). Overall, the findings indicate a multidimensional and meaningful impact of marine and coastal tourism on the economic transformation of Chabahar’s nomadic territories.Conclusion: The results clearly show that the development of marine and coastal tourism serves as a strong, multidimensional catalyst for economic growth in the nomadic territories of Chabahar County. This industry not only promotes business growth, employment, and income generation, but also enhances economic resilience and reduces livelihood dependency through diversification of economic activities and structural transformation of the labor market. Therefore, targeted planning and investment in this sector can be regarded as a key strategic approach toward achieving sustainable and comprehensive development in the coastal areas of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. https://www.jsnap.ir/article_242769.html Introduction: The novel The Teacher of the Nomadic Land by Danial Niri, focusing on nomadic life in Iran, offers a distinct representation of fluid territories, desert space, and tribal (pastoral) life. The main issue of this study is to examine how space, movement, and territory are represented in this literary work.Objectives: This study analyzes the representation of nomadic territory, the role of desert space in shaping tribal identity, and the relationship among mobility, social organization, and interaction with external structures in the novel.Methodology: This research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach based on close textual reading of the novel. It draws on the theoretical perspectives of Anatoly Khazanov, particularly his work Nomads and the Outside World, to analyze the concepts of nomadism, territory, and their relation to social structures.Geographical Context: The study focuses on the desert spaces and nomadic ecosystems of Iran as represented in the novel, with particular attention to tribal regions and migration routes.Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that the desert is portrayed not merely as a geographical backdrop but as an active, lived space shaping identity and social organization. Territory is fluid in nature and defined through movement and migratory routes. Movement itself functions as the organizing principle of nomadic life, forming the basis of identity and social order. Furthermore, the relationship between humans and nature is depicted as deeply intertwined, while interactions with external structures are represented through a tension between “fixity” and “fluidity.”Conclusion: Overall, the study demonstrates that the novel represents nomadism not simply as a way of life, but as a mode of organizing space and identity. Within this framework, the desert plays a key role in shaping lived tribal experience and the concept of territory, offering a new perspective on nomadic life in contemporary literature. https://www.jsnap.ir/article_242774.html Introduction: Handicrafts, and carpet weaving in particular, serve as a convergence point for art, culture, and livelihood within the rural lifeworld. However, it is essential to identify the factors influencing the inclination toward this activity in the face of modern challenges. Establishing the necessary scientific background and context is crucial for implementing practical measures to address the obstacles hindering women's participation in this field. Consequently, this could lead to the prosperity, flourishing, and a form of revitalization of carpet weaving among rural women—an activity that has faced significant stagnation and decline in recent decades.   Objectives: The objective of this study is to propose a structural model of the factors influencing the inclination of rural women to participate in the handicrafts sector, specifically emphasizing carpet weaving. Methodology: In terms of purpose, this is an applied study, and regarding its nature, it is descriptive-survey research employing an exploratory-confirmatory structural equation modeling (SEM) strategy. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, which was validated for face and content validity. Data analysis was conducted at both descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS26 and Amos24 software. Geographical Context: The study was conducted in Kurdistan Province, representing one of the nomadic territories in western Iran. Results and Discussion: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that four factors—Revitalization of Cultural Identity (26.14% variance), Sense of Satisfaction (13.82% variance), Economic Value (9.83% variance), and Institutional Support (8.99% variance)—collectively explain 58.78% of the total variance in women's inclination. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the desirable fit of the model with the empirical data. Conclusion: The theoretical contribution of this study lies in bridging Bourdieu’s Capital Theory with the agency of rural women. The findings indicate that women's inclination stems more from identity-seeking than from purely material necessities. Therefore, a transition from a commodity-oriented approach toward identity-based business models is recommended to ensure the sustainability of this art-industry. https://www.jsnap.ir/article_242782.html Introduction: Sustainable tourism has been recognized as a promising tool for socio-economic development and the preservation of cultural heritage in various regions. Nomadic communities, with their rich cultural structures and unique lifestyles, possess significant potential for attracting cultural and sustainable tourism. However, unbalanced tourism development can pose a serious threat to the authenticity of these communities’ cultural identity. This study examines the complex interaction between the cultural identity of the nomadic community of Rezvanshahr and the development of sustainable tourism in the region.Objectives: The main objective of this study is to explain the relationship between the various dimensions of the cultural identity of the nomads of Rezvanshahr and the components of sustainable tourism (economic, social, and cultural) within this community. Specifically, this study seeks to identify how elements of cultural identity influence the attractiveness of sustainable tourism destinations, as well as to examine the role of supportive and participatory factors in balancing this relationship and ensuring the long-term sustainability of tourism benefits for the nomadic community.Methodology: This study adopts a qualitative methodology. Data collection was conducted through tools such as in-depth interviews with members of the nomadic community, local elites, and officials of relevant institutions, as well as questionnaires, observation, and the review of related documents. Qualitative data were analyzed using coding and grounded theory.Geographical Context: This research was conducted in the geographical area inhabited by the nomads of Rezvanshahr. Due to its distinct cultural and social characteristics of nomadic communities, this region was selected as the study area.Results and Discussion: The findings show that sustainable tourism in the nomadic community of Razvanshahr is based on nine macro categories that include cultural, economic, environmental and social aspects simultaneously. in the meantime, strengthening cultural identity and preserving intangible heritage, along with economic empowerment, as two complementary axes, play a fundamental role in sustainability. also, the preservation of traditional ways of life, indigenous knowledge and social capital helps to maintain the internal structures of nomadic society. on the other hand, protecting the environment and preserving the traditional body strengthens the objective dimension of sustainability. finally, local management and participatory governance as a prerequisite of this research form the foundation of the final implementation model.Conclusion: Sustainable tourism, when implemented through a planned and community-based approach, serves as an effective tool for preserving and strengthening the culture, livelihoods, and identity of the nomadic community of Rezvanshahr. This approach contributes to the representation of intangible heritage, economic improvement, environmental protection, and the enhancement of social capital, ultimately leading to balanced development and cultural sustainability in these communities. Achieving this requires appropriate managerial and institutional mechanisms. https://www.jsnap.ir/article_237997.html Introduction Since in transitioning societies, half of the population lives in villages and half of the rural population are women, one of the ways to access these human resources is to study the economic activities of rural women in the fields of It is diverse. rural women are engaged in productive activities both at home and outside the home and create an economic surplus, The purpose of the research: The purpose of this research is to provide strategies and determine strategic priorities to increase the participation of women in the rural economy of Shaft County by using the combined model of SWOT, QSPM and exploratory factor analysis. Methodology The method of descriptive-survey research and the statistical population of the research were 66 members of village councils and people living in different villages of this County. The validity of the questions was confirmed by experts and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha test at good and excellent levels. Geographical area of research The villages located in the nomadic area of Shaft County, with an economy based on agriculture and horticulture, animal husbandry and animal husbandry, beekeeping, forest exploitation and related industries are located in the southwest of Guilan province. Results and discussion Statistical analysis of data using Bartlett's test (KMO) exploratory factor analysis shows the adequacy of sample data and the existence of relationship between variables. By using this combined model, it was extracted without the need to examine all the houses of the SWOT matrix (by reducing the size of the SWOT matrix) and establishing a statistical relationship between internal and external factors. Finally, the following five strategies are "necessary trainings to strengthen the spirit of self-confidence and also to acquire the necessary skills in the field of production activities", "emphasis on rural tourism (agrotourism, ecotourism) and the significant role and participation of rural women in increasing income. households and employment creation", Supporting women in the form of organizations and unions and loan funds to increase their financial capacity", "Increasing the level of awareness of women through government media and setting up workshops and special economic enterprises rural women" and "creating the necessary infrastructure, technologies and facilities for the promotion, supply and marketing of manufactured products and removing obstacles to women's growth in economic, social and cultural terms through increasing the level of literacy, education and necessary training One of the priorities of this research was to increase the participation of women in the economy of the villages of Shaft County. Conclusion Finally, strategies؛"Necessary trainings to strengthen the spirit of self-confidence and acquire necessary skills in the field of production activities", "Emphasis on rural tourism in increasing household income and job creation", "Supporting women in the form of organizations" and unions and loan funds", "increasing the level of women's awareness" and "creating the necessary infrastructure, technologies and facilities" are among the priorities of this research to increase the participation of women in the economy of the villages of the Koch region. The residents of Shaft County were considered.